What is "distortion" and how can it affect welding?

Distortion refers to the warping or bending of metal due to the heat generated during the welding process. When metal is heated, it expands, and upon cooling, it contracts. This thermal cycle can lead to uneven changes in dimensions, causing parts of the metal structure to warp or shift out of place.

The impact of distortion on welding is significant, as it can compromise the fit-up—how well the pieces align with each other—and the overall alignment of the welded components. This misalignment can lead to difficulties in assembly, structural integrity issues, and can affect the aesthetic and functional qualities of the finished product. Addressing distortion often requires additional steps in the welding process, such as preheating, post-weld heat treatment, or careful planning of the weld sequence to minimize or counteract these effects.

Through understanding distortion, welders can take proactive measures to control heat input and manage the welding process, ensuring that the final product meets the desired specifications and quality standards.