What is the difference between ferrous and non-ferrous metals?

Ferrous metals are defined primarily by their iron content. This means that any metal that contains a significant amount of iron is classified as ferrous. Common examples include steel and cast iron. In contrast, non-ferrous metals, such as aluminum, copper, and zinc, do not contain iron in appreciable amounts. The key distinction here is the presence of iron, which significantly influences the properties and applications of these metals.

Understanding this fundamental characteristic is crucial for welding and metalworking since the presence of iron affects properties like corrosion resistance, strength, and weight. For example, ferrous metals generally have properties that make them strong and suitable for structural applications, but they are also prone to rust if not properly protected. In contrast, non-ferrous metals are often chosen for their resistance to corrosion and lightweight characteristics, making them suitable for other specialized applications.